Apollo 8

Apollo 8:  Apollo 8 was the first manned space mission to leave earth orbit in December of 1968 and travel to another "planet".  It was crewed by Frank Borman, Jim Lovell and Bill Anders.

The official NASA pre-flight crew photo.  

Left to right: Jim Lovell, Bill Anders, Frank Borman in front of the Apollo Mission Simulator. 

 The Apollo 8 patch, designed by Jim Lovell, is fitting symbolism of the first manned space flight to orbit the moon, and return safely to earth.  The patch is in the shape of the command module, with the eight circling the earth and the moon.

Apollo 8 Earthrise
Apollo 8 was the first manned launch of the Saturn V launch vehicle.  At the time of this photo, each of the 5 F1 engines is producing 1.5 million pounds of thrust. The rocket weighed 6million pounds, was 365 feet tall, and eventually accelerated the capsule to a speed of 35000 ft/sec.

Heralded as one of the Greatest Photos of the 20th Century by several sources such as Time, Life, Sky and Telescope, and others, this picture, taken by Bill on the Apollo 8 flight with a 270mm lens on a Hasselblad camera.  It was made into a stamp and had a profound impact on all of mankind.  It was the first time our planet was seen by man to rise above the horizon of another planet.

Larger format Earthrise Picture
 
On the USS Yorktown in the South Pacific after the flight.  

Footnote:  It was claimed in Chief Astronaut Deke Slayton's book that after the successful Apollo 8 flight, he offered the first lunar landing flight to Borman and his crew but Borman turned it down for family reasons.